The working principle of a regulated power supply is mainly to ensure the voltage stability of the output terminal by regulating the circuit. The following is a detailed explanation of the working principle of a regulated power supply:

1、 Basic Composition

A regulated power supply mainly consists of three parts: input circuit, control circuit, and output circuit.

Input circuit: used to receive input power supply voltage. It usually includes transformers, rectification circuits, and filtering circuits. Transformers are used to reduce power supply voltage, rectification circuits convert AC power to DC power, and filtering circuits are used to smooth output voltage.

Control circuit: used to monitor the output voltage and provide adjustment signals to the output circuit. It mainly consists of feedback circuit and comparison circuit. The feedback circuit collects the feedback signal of the output voltage and sends it to the comparison circuit for comparison. The comparison circuit compares the feedback signal with the reference voltage and generates a control signal to adjust the output voltage based on the comparison result.

Output circuit: used to generate stable voltage and output it to the load. It is usually composed of a voltage regulator, a capacitor, and a resistor. The voltage regulator converts the control signal into an adjustable resistor, which, together with the input voltage, serves as a charging and discharging circuit for the capacitor. By adjusting the rate of change of the capacitor, the output voltage is stabilized.

2、 Working principle

The working principle of a regulated power supply is based on a negative feedback mechanism. When the input voltage or load changes, the output voltage will fluctuate accordingly. At this point, the feedback circuit will collect the fluctuation signal of the output voltage and send it to the comparison circuit for comparison. The comparison circuit compares the feedback signal with the reference voltage and generates an error signal. After amplification, this error signal is sent to the control terminal of the output circuit to adjust the adjustable resistors or other components in the output circuit, thereby changing the output voltage and restoring it to a stable value.

Specifically, as the input voltage increases, the output voltage also increases. At this point, the feedback signal collected by the feedback circuit will be higher than the reference voltage, and the comparison circuit will generate a negative error signal. After amplification, this negative error signal is sent to the control terminal of the output circuit, which increases the adjustable resistance in the output circuit and reduces the output voltage. On the contrary, when the input voltage decreases, the output voltage will also decrease. At this point, the feedback signal collected by the feedback circuit will be lower than the reference voltage, and the comparison circuit will generate a positive error signal. After amplification, this positive error signal is sent to the control terminal of the output circuit, reducing the adjustable resistance in the output circuit and thereby increasing the output voltage.