Basic principle of voltage regulator

The basic principle of a voltage regulator is to sample, compare, and adjust the input voltage through negative feedback control, automatically adjust the coil turns ratio or change the duty cycle of the switching power supply, in order to maintain the stability of the output voltage. Here is its specific introduction:

component

A voltage regulator usually consists of a voltage regulating circuit, a rectifier circuit, a filtering circuit, a control circuit, and a servo motor.

working process

-Detection comparison: The sampling circuit performs real-time detection of the output voltage and compares it with a preset stable voltage or reference voltage.

-Amplification adjustment: Compare the results and input them into control circuits such as error amplifiers for amplification processing.

-Drive adjustment: The amplified signal drives the adjustment tube or servo motor and other actuators to work.

-Feedback stability: By continuously repeating the above process, a closed-loop negative feedback control is formed to stabilize the output voltage near the set value.

Principles of different types of voltage regulators

-Linear regulator: Utilizing the characteristic of the regulator operating in the amplification region, the output voltage is adjusted by changing the resistance value or working state of the regulator.

-Switching regulator: By controlling the periodic on-off of the switching transistor and coordinating with energy storage components such as inductors and capacitors, the output voltage can be adjusted.

-AC voltage regulator: By detecting changes in AC input voltage and using different control strategies and techniques such as magnetron control, thyristor control, relay control, etc., it automatically adjusts the turns ratio or connection method of the compensating transformer to achieve stable output voltage.